PKb=D9n$$refs.MYD,? Hopkins, W G2008%Editorial: journal copyright policies8-9 Sportscience12ZSport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. Email: will@clear.net.nz? Hopkins, W G2008#Slideshow on statistical guidelines9 Sportscience12ZSport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. Email: will@clear.net.nz ? Hopkins, W G2008Update: sample size9-10 Sportscience12ZSport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. Email: will@clear.net.nz$`? Hopkins, W G2008[Updates: writing; clinical inferences; controlled-trial spreadsheets; graphs in Office 200710-11 Sportscience12ZSport and Recreation, AUT?Batterham, A M2008Sample-size commentary10 Sportscience12rSchool of Health and Social Care, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK. Email: a.batterham@tees.ac.uk? Hopkins, W G2008SPolyphenol supplements and other strategies for athletes at the ACSM annual meeting1-7 Sportscience12Science and Performance Enhancement: a questionable model; preparing for Beijing. Acute Effects: post-activation potentiation; bupropion in the heat; computational fluid dynamics for swimming; pacing strategies; cooling vests; vibration; stretching. Biostatistics: sample size; statistical guidelines. Nutrition Pre-conference: practical advice for various sports. Nutrition: polyphenol plant extracts; antioxidants; caffeine; bicarbonate; energy supplements; other supplements; hydration. Tests and Technology: monitoring training; physiological monitoring. Training: artificial and natural altitude; interval training; PowerCranks; core-stability training; inspiratory muscle training; hydrotherapy; vision training. ZSport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. Email: will@clear.net.nz? Hopkins, W G2008ZOlympian impact factors: top journals in exercise and sports science and medicine for 200822-24 Sportscience12This year’s gold, silver, and bronze for journals specializing in sport and exercise, as judged by their impact factor (citations in 2007 per article published in 2005 and 2006), go to Sports Medicine (3.6), American Journal of Sports Medicine (3.4) and Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (3.0). Other finalists were Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (2.9), British Journal of Sports Medicine (2.5), Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports (2.3), Clinics in Sports Medicine (1.7, also the prize for the most improved), Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology (1.7), Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (1.6), International Journal of Sport Nutrition & Exercise Metabolism (1.5), International Journal of Sports Medicine (1.5), Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (1.5), Exercise and Immunology Reviews (1.4), Journal of Athletic Training (1.4), Journal of Sports Sciences (1.4), Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research (1.4), Human Movement Science (1.3), Journal of Aging and Physical Activity (1.3), Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (1.3), Psychology of Sport and Exercise (1.2), Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport (1.1), and Quest (1.0). Other journals had impact factors <1.0. International Sportmed Journal (0.3) earned the prize for novice competitor. Other citation statistics (pagerank, cited half life, immediacy index) are of little use for ranking journals in our field.ZSport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. Email: will@clear.net.nz R? Hopkins, W G2008BResearch designs: choosing and fine-tuning a design for your study12-21 Sportscience12analysis, bias, case study, confounding, control, intervention, measurement, mediators, moderators, modulators, observational, randomized controlled trial, RCT, single subject Researchers can design a study to characterize a single instance of a phenomenon or to make an inference about a phenomenon in a population via a sample. Single-subject (or case) studies are justifiable when sampling is difficult or inappropriate. Psychosocial cases aimed at solving a specific problem usually require qualitative methods. Clinical cases are reports of diagnosis or treatment of injury or illness and are usually based on quantitative assessments and qualitative analysis. Non-clinical quantitative cases involve repeated sampling on a single subject and a quantitative inference about the subject generally. Sample-based designs are either observational or interventional, and most are aimed at quantifying a causal effect, in which changes in a predictor variable on average cause changes in a dependent variable. Establishing such causality in observational designs is problematic, owing to difficulties in adjusting for bias in the effect arising from confounders (variables that cause changes in the predictor and dependent). This problem is eliminated in interventions, but the necessary inclusion of a control treatment introduces bias mediated by differences between the groups in administration of treatments, compliance with study requirements, or imbalance in subject characteristics. Use of blinding and randomization at the design stage and inclusion of covariates in the analysis generally lead to trustworthy outcomes by reducing bias in interventions, but observational studies are sometimes the only ethically or logistically possible choice. The observational studies in approximate ascending order of the quality of evidence they provide for causality are case series, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies. The corresponding approximate order for interventions is pre-post single group, post-only crossover, pre-post crossover, pre-post parallel groups, and post-only parallel groups. Methodological designs are also of interest to researchers; these are special kinds of cross-sectional study aimed at characterizing the validity, diagnostic accuracy, reliability or factor structure of a measure. Finally, reviews are another kind of cross-sectional study in which the “subjects” are study-estimates of an effect and in which the analyst estimates the effect of different settings on the outcome. Each design has particular strengths that offset its weaknesses and make it the most appropriate for a research question. ZSport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. Email: will@clear.net.nz? Hume, P A Paton, C D20086Sports nutrition and more at the 2008 AAESS conference25-30 Sportscience12+elite athletes, injury prevention, trainingFuture of sport sciences: exercise science and health vs sport performance. Exercise physiology: substrate availability, muscle spindles, vibration machines, field testing, high intensity interval training, compression garments, thermal exchange, pseudoephdrine, GPS. Nutrition: regulatory genes, amino acids, protein hydrolysates, caffeine, supplements. Anthropometry: profiling, skinfolds reliability. Physical conditioning: kicking accuracy, YoYo test, performance analysis, jumps. Biomechanics and motor control: knee taping, injury prevention, knee joint load, isometric rowing strength test, cricket bowling, cycle crank arm length, musculoskeletal stifness. Basic science: responsiveness to training, muscle oxygenation.  ? -Hume, P A Kara, S D Geertsema, L Geertsema, C2008LThe 2008 pre-Olympic conference on science, education and medicine in sport 31-40 Sportscience12<elite athletes, injury prevention, talent, training, cultureBiomechanics: ankle sprain, braces, knee stiffness, knee rotation stability, discus instrumentation. Sports Nutrition: supplementation, IOC Diploma, fluid loss replacement, pre-match meals, post-game glycogen repletion. Body Composition: obesity, C-reactive protein, somatotype. Sports Training: biological indices, psychological state, dance proprioception conditioning, balance training. Motor Control: wavelet analysis, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, functional MRI, augmented feedback, feed-forward control, coincident timing performance, peripheral awareness, electroencephalograms. Practice, Instruction, Expert Performance: deliberate play, talent identification, implicit learning model, error-less learning, acquisition of skills. Talent Development: giftedness, sexual abuse, elite child athlete. Sport Culture: sports perfectionism. Health Promotion: ecological model, accumulated physical activity, social mobilization, sarcopenia, serum myostatin, hormonal intervention. Sports Medicine: tendinopathies in athletes, East and West, herbal medicines, acupuncture, Tai Chi, Fu’s subcutaneous needling, sudden cardiac death syndrome, cardiac pre-participation screening, arrhythmia. Injury Prevention: hamstrings strain, Nordic hamstring stretching, non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, meniscal tear, post operative rehabilitation programs, balance and wobble board, ankle sprain, FIFA-11. Football Symposium: non-contact injuries, moral taxonomy, performance characteristics, high intensity training. Pre-Olympic Conference 2012: in Glasgow.A University, Auckland 0627, New Zealand. 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